How to Put on a Lymphedema Compression Garment for the Arm or Leg and Proper Garment Care
Lymphedema is a chronic condition that results in the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in body tissues, often causing swelling in the arms, legs, or other areas. Managing this condition typically involves wearing compression garments, which play a critical role in controlling swelling, promoting fluid drainage, and preventing complications like infection. These garments are often prescribed after surgery or radiation therapy, particularly for breast cancer, prostate cancer, or melanoma patients.
Knowing how to properly wear and care for your compression garments is essential to ensure their effectiveness and longevity. In this blog post, we'll cover everything you need to know about putting on lymphedema compression garments for the arm or leg, as well as how to care for them to keep them in good condition.
What Are Lymphedema Compression Garments?
Compression garments are specially designed elastic garments, such as sleeves, stockings, or wraps, that apply consistent pressure to the affected limb. They work by encouraging lymphatic fluid to flow out of the swollen areas and toward the central part of the body where it can be reabsorbed.
Compression garments come in different classes or levels of compression, often measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Your healthcare provider will determine which class is appropriate based on the severity of your lymphedema. Common types of lymphedema compression garments include:
- Compression sleeves (for the arm)
- Compression gloves or gauntlets (for the hand and fingers)
- Compression stockings (for the leg)
- Custom-fitted garments (for more complex cases)
How to Put on a Lymphedema Compression Garment for the Arm or Leg
Donning a compression garment correctly is essential to ensure it fits properly and delivers the intended therapeutic benefits. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to put on these garments:
1. Prepare Your Skin and Garment
Before putting on your compression garment, make sure that your skin is clean and dry. This is important because moisture trapped under the garment can cause irritation and skin problems. If you’ve recently applied lotion or cream, let it fully absorb into your skin before putting on the garment.
It's also helpful to check the garment for any damage like holes or tears, which can reduce its effectiveness. Make sure the garment is inside-out, with the foot or hand portion prepared for easy donning. Some people find it easier to put on compression garments using rubber gloves or a special donning device (like a stocking donner), which reduces friction and helps get a better grip.
2. Putting on a Compression Sleeve (Arm)
- Step 1: Prepare the Garment – Begin by turning the sleeve inside out, except for the portion where your hand will go. Hold the sleeve at the cuff end and bunch it up to create a wider opening for your hand.
- Step 2: Insert the Hand – Slide your hand into the sleeve, ensuring that your thumb is positioned correctly, and that the garment is not twisted. The wrist area should sit comfortably at the base of your palm. If you are also using a compression glove or gauntlet, make sure to put that on first.
- Step 3: Gradually Pull Up – With your hand and wrist in place, use both hands to gradually roll or pull the sleeve upward over your forearm. Work the sleeve up in small sections, gently smoothing out wrinkles as you go. Be careful not to overstretch or yank the material, as this can damage the garment.
- Step 4: Adjust for Fit – Continue pulling the sleeve up until it reaches your upper arm or shoulder, depending on the type of sleeve. The garment should feel snug but not painfully tight. Make sure there are no wrinkles or bunching, as this can create uneven pressure and irritate the skin.
3. Putting on a Compression Stocking (Leg)
- Step 1: Prepare the Garment – Like the arm sleeve, start by turning the stocking inside out, leaving the foot portion ready for your toes. This makes it easier to slide over your foot and leg.
- Step 2: Insert the Foot – Position your foot into the stocking, ensuring your toes are properly aligned. If your stocking has a toe section, make sure the toes are comfortable and not pinched.
- Step 3: Pull Over the Heel – Once your toes are in place, gently pull the stocking over your heel. Make sure the heel section of the stocking is positioned correctly, as misalignment here can cause discomfort and reduce the garment’s effectiveness.
- Step 4: Pull Up Gradually – Similar to the arm sleeve, work the stocking up your leg in small sections. Use both hands to pull the stocking up over your calf and toward your knee. Be sure to smooth out wrinkles and avoid twisting the garment as you move upward.
- Step 5: Final Adjustment – If you are using a thigh-high stocking, continue pulling the garment all the way to your upper thigh. For knee-high stockings, stop just below the knee. The stocking should feel snug without restricting blood flow. Adjust as necessary to ensure even compression throughout.
4. Tips for Easier Donning
- Use Rubber Gloves: Wearing rubber gloves while putting on your garment can help you grip the fabric more easily and reduce the risk of tearing or damaging the material.
- Donning Aids: There are specialized devices, such as stocking donners or sleeves with zippers, that can make putting on compression garments easier, especially if you have limited mobility or hand strength.
- Time of Day: If possible, try putting on your compression garment first thing in the morning when your limbs are less swollen. This can make the process easier and more comfortable.
- To Be Worn: During the day only and removed at night. Most lymphedema garments are for daily use only. There are also specific extra-padded garments for night use that can be ordered, as needed.
How to Care for Lymphedema Compression Garments
Proper care of your compression garments is essential to maintain their elasticity, ensure their effectiveness, and prolong their lifespan. Most compression garments are made of delicate, elastic materials that can wear out if not properly maintained.
Here’s how to care for your lymphedema compression garments:
1. Daily Washing
Compression garments should be washed daily or after each use to remove dirt, sweat, and oils that can degrade the fabric over time. Washing your garments regularly also prevents skin irritation and infections.
- Hand Washing: Hand wash your garment using lukewarm water and a gentle detergent (avoid harsh chemicals, bleach, or fabric softeners). Gently scrub the fabric, paying extra attention to the areas that come into direct contact with your skin.
- Machine Washing: If your garment's care label permits, you can machine wash it on a gentle cycle using cold or lukewarm water. Place the garment in a mesh laundry bag to protect it from getting caught or stretched in the machine.
2. Air Drying
Compression garments should always be air-dried, never placed in a dryer, as high heat can damage the elastic fibers. After washing, gently squeeze out excess water (do not wring the fabric) and lay the garment flat to dry. Avoid hanging it up, as this can stretch the fabric out of shape.
3. Proper Storage
Store your compression garments in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight. Excessive heat and humidity can weaken the elastic fibers, reducing the effectiveness of the garment over time. Avoid folding the garment tightly, as this can cause creases that affect the compression.
4. Replacing Your Garments
Compression garments typically need to be replaced every 6 to 8 months, depending on wear and tear. Over time, the fabric may lose its elasticity and become less effective at applying consistent pressure. Regularly check your garment for signs of wear, such as thinning fabric, stretched-out areas, or loss of compression.
If your garment no longer feels as snug as when it was new or if the compression seems uneven, it’s time to replace it. Your healthcare provider can recommend when and how often you should replace your garments.
Conclusion
Properly donning and caring for lymphedema compression garments is essential for managing swelling, improving lymphatic flow, and preventing further complications. By following the steps outlined above, you can ensure your compression garments fit correctly and provide the necessary therapeutic benefits. Equally important is caring for your garments with proper washing, drying, and storage techniques to maintain their functionality and durability.
By incorporating these practices into your daily routine, you can effectively manage your lymphedema and maintain a higher quality of life. If you have any concerns about your garments or if you're experiencing difficulties with fitting them, consult your healthcare provider or a certified lymphedema therapist for additional guidance.
*If you would like to schedule a PT Lymphedema Evaluation and Treatment on the Westside of Los Angeles, CA, please call (424) 438-1426 to setup an appointment.
